Camille Lefebvre est doctorante à l’Institut Van Vollenhoven de l’Université de Leyde, dans le cadre d’un programme conjoint avec l’École supérieure d’études internationales de l’Université Laval. Elle est boursière 2026 au Lauterpacht Centre for International Law de l’Université de Cambridge. Elle travaille à temps partiel comme juriste pour le Canada dans le cadre d’affaires portées devant la Cour internationale de justice. Elle a précédemment été juriste intérimaire du Canada aux Pays-Bas, boursière judiciaire à la Cour internationale de justice et assistante judiciaire auprès de la Cour d’appel fédérale du Canada.
Elle a été assistante de recherche pour la Chaire de recherche du Canada sur la justice internationale pénale et les droits fondamentaux, la Chaire de recherche sur l’immigration et la sécurité, la Chaire UNESCO sur la diversité des expressions culturelles et la Clinique de droit international pénal et humanitaire de l’Université Laval.
Elle est actuellement administratrice au conseil d’administration du Conseil canadien de droit international et membre du comité sur les migrations internationales et le droit international de l’Association de droit international. Elle est également lauréate du prix Louis-Philippe-Pigeon (2024), de la bourse de doctorat du Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines (2021) et de la bourse John-Peters-Humphrey (2021).
The Geopolitics in the Global Compacts: Sovereignty, Emerging Norms, and Hypocrisy in Global Migration Governance
2024
The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) and the Global Compact on Refugees (GCM) were adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2018. After nearly five years, it is time for a critical reflection on the geopolitical interests that motivated the negotiations, agreements, and implementation. The purpose of this special issue was to critically examine how states used the Global Compacts to achieve their strategic interests using migration diplomacy. Each article attempts to question and problematise the assumptions, logics, and rhetoric put forward in the Global Compacts and resulting implementation by states and international organisations. The special issue also highlights the emerging norm of state responsibility for well-managed migration within the Global Compacts, and the notable silences around non-refoulement, internal displacement, and climate migration. The authors in this special issue worked to understand the gaps, hypocrisy, and contradictions in the implementation, now five years after the adoption of the Global Compacts. This introduction article lays out the driving questions for the special issue, along with our main themes, concepts, and contributions.
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National policies on immigration detention and the global compacts: A comparative analysis of Canada and France
2024
The adoption of the Global Compacts on Migration and Refugees in 2018 marked a turning point in international migration governance. According to objective 13 of the Global Compact for Migration, States Parties have committed to use immigration detention as a measure of last resort and work towards alternatives. As for the Global Compact on Refugees, States Parties and relevant stakeholders also pledged to contribute to the development of non-custodial and community-based alternatives to detention, particularly with respect to children. Five years later, the enhancement of human rights protection for migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers within national territories remains a challenge. We argue that two states of the Global North – Canada and France – are actually using the Global Compacts to push forward their own agenda on the international scene, as a tool to influence other states. Even if Canada and France have engaged in multilateral discussions on the regulation of migration and the protection of refugees through soft law instruments, we find that national practices have not been altered since 2018. As such, this paper will demonstrate that the implementation of the Global Compacts is, in fact, used to advance foreign national policy for both states.
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The exclusion clause in Canada: Prioritizing practical expediency
2021
Applying the Canadian legal framework for refugees in compliance with binding international instruments has entailed significant challenges. In order to fulfil its dual obligations of protecting people under threat of torture and persecution, while denying refugee status to those responsible for such atrocities, Canada relies on the exclusion clause of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a practical and expedient solution. This article provides a comprehensive review of the jurisprudence related to Canada’s exclusion system, examining the judicial reasoning of decisions issued by the Immigration and Refugee Board, the Federal Court, the Federal Court of Appeal, and the Supreme Court of Canada. The analysis endorses the position that Canada’s continuing prioritization of security trumps humanitarian aims by an overly broad application of article 1F of the Refugee Convention. The interpretation of Canadian judiciary can lead to the improper application of international law, prompting the need for a reassessment of the Canadian exclusion system 70 years after the adoption of the Refugee Convention.
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Louis-Philippe Pigeon Award
2024
Award recognizing the exceptional contribution of a member of the Young Bar of Québec
Joseph-Armand Bombardier Canada Graduate Scholarship
2021
Awarded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) to develop research skills and assist in the training of highly qualified graduate students.
John Peters Humphrey Fellowship, Canadian Council on International Law
2021
National award to two or three outstanding students to pursue full-time graduate studies in International Human Rights Law
Canada Research Chair in Immigration & Security Scholarship
2020
Scholarship to pursue full-time graduate studies on migration and security related issues.
